Solution

Autonomous vehicle (Self driving automobiles), also known as driverless cars, computer driven cars, or wheeled mobile robots, is an intelligent car that realizes driverless driving through computer systems. In the 20th century, there have been decades of history, and in the early 21st century, there was a trend towards practicality.
Autonomous vehicle rely on the cooperation of artificial intelligence, visual computing, radar, monitoring devices and global positioning system, so that computers can automatically and safely operate motor vehicles without any human initiative.

development history

Google autonomous vehicle obtained the first self driving vehicle license in the United States in May 2012, and is expected to enter the market from 2015 to 2017.
In mid to late December 2014, Google first showcased a prototype autonomous driving vehicle, which could run in full functionality.
In May 2015, Google announced that it would test its autonomous vehicle on the highway in Mountain View, California in the summer of 2015.
In December 2017, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport, together with the Beijing Public Security Traffic Management Bureau, the Beijing Economic Information Commission and other departments, formulated and issued two documents, the Guiding Opinions of Beijing on Accelerating the Road Testing of Autonomous Vehicles (Trial) and the Detailed Rules for the Administration and Implementation of Road Testing of Autonomous Vehicles in Beijing (Trial), which defined the relevant conditions for autonomous vehicle to apply for temporary road driving.
Firstly, the applicant for road testing must be an independent legal entity registered within China, and may apply for temporary road driving due to conducting scientific research and type testing related to autonomous driving. The test vehicle must comply with the "Technical Conditions for Motor Vehicle Operation Safety" (GB7258) standard. The test vehicle has two driving modes, automatic and manual, and can be switched at any time; The testing vehicle must be equipped with corresponding regulatory devices that can monitor driving behavior and vehicle position.
Secondly, the test vehicle must be tested and assessed in a closed testing area according to relevant standards before being put on the road. The assessment results must be reviewed by experts before being allowed to be put on the road for testing.
Third, the automatic driving test vehicle shall hang the number plate and logo as required, and each vehicle shall be equipped with a test driver who has certain driving experience and is familiar with the auto drive system to monitor the vehicle at any time to ensure safe driving of the vehicle. The testing vehicle will be tested in the designated area and within the designated time period, with the aim of minimizing the impact on urban traffic. The testing unit must purchase traffic accident liability insurance or compensation guarantee. If the testing vehicle experiences an accident during the testing period, it shall be dealt with in accordance with the current Road Traffic Safety Law and relevant regulations, and the testing driver shall bear the relevant legal responsibilities.
The Beijing Municipal Transportation Commission believes that autonomous driving is an important way to improve the level of road traffic intelligence, promote the transformation and upgrading of the transportation industry, and also a favorable opportunity to drive the integration and development of industries such as transportation, automobile, and communication.
In December 2017, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport, together with the Beijing Public Security Traffic Management Bureau, the Beijing Economic Information Commission and other departments, formulated and issued the Guiding Opinions and Implementation Rules for road testing of autonomous vehicles, which standardized and promoted the actual road testing of autonomous vehicle.
On May 14, 2018, Shenzhen issued a road test notice and temporary driving license plates for intelligent connected vehicles to Tencent.
On December 28, 2018, Baidu Apollo autonomous driving full scene fleet was driving on the Changsha Expressway.
On the afternoon of June 21, 2019, the People's Government of Changsha City issued the "Implementation Rules for Road Test Management of Intelligent Connected Vehicles in Changsha City (Trial) V2.0" (hereinafter referred to as "Rules V2.0"), and issued 49 autonomous driving test licenses. Among them, Baidu Apollo obtained 45 autonomous driving test licenses, and Baidu officially launched large-scale testing in Changsha.
In September 2019, the first batch of L4 level autonomous passenger cars produced in China, the Hongqi EV, jointly developed by Baidu and FAW, obtained five road test licenses for autonomous driving in Beijing.
On September 22, 2019, the National Intelligent Connected Vehicle (Wuhan) Test Demonstration Zone was officially unveiled, and companies such as Baidu, Hailiang Technology, and Shenlan Technology were awarded the world's first commercial license for autonomous driving vehicles by the Wuhan transportation department.
On September 26, 2019, Baidu announced in Changsha that the trial operation of the autonomous taxi fleet Robotaxi had officially begun. The first batch of 45 Apollo and FAW Hongqi jointly developed "Hongqi EV" Robotaxi fleets have started trial operation on some open test sections in Changsha.
In October 2019, Xinhua News Agency reporters took a test ride in a autonomous vehicle and entered the busy streets of Tel Aviv, Israel, with apprehension. Throughout the entire test drive, the reporter felt overall safe, stable, and comfortable.
On February 2, 2022, the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics relied on the deployment of the 5G intelligent vehicle networking business system in the Shougang Park to complete the unmanned vehicle torch relay. This is the first time in Olympic history that a torch relay has been achieved based on 5G unmanned vehicles.
On March 3, 2022, Chengdu officially issued the first batch of 12 autonomous driving license plates to the Chengdu High tech Zone. The first batch of 4 buses and 8 taxis have undergone autonomous driving tests on the intelligent transformation road of the Xinchuan Innovation and Technology Park in the Chengdu High tech Zone, marking the beginning of the era of intelligent connected vehicles in Chengdu.
On April 19, 2022, according to British media such as Sky News and The Guardian, under the proposed traffic regulation amendment plan, British drivers can watch TV and movies on the car's built-in screen during autonomous driving. If a vehicle experiences an accident during autonomous driving, the insurance company will be responsible for the claim instead of the individual.
On April 24, 2022, Xiaoma Zhixing announced the winning bid for the 2022 taxi capacity index in Nansha District, Guangzhou. This is the first taxi operation license issued to autonomous driving enterprises in China. This means that autonomous vehicles are officially included in the transportation operation and management scope of general vehicles, and adopting standardized management of national unified taxis is a major breakthrough in promoting the commercialization of technology in the autonomous driving industry.
On July 5, 2022, the official website of the Shenzhen People's Congress announced that the first regulation on the management of intelligent connected vehicles in China, the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Intelligent Connected Vehicle Management Regulations, has been passed by the Standing Committee of the Shenzhen Municipal People's Congress and will come into effect on August 1, 2022.
On September 25, 2022, the Ministry of Land, Land and Transport of the Republic of Korea announced the Basic Plan for the Third Phase of Automobile Policy (2022~2026), which proposed the goal of realizing the commercial landing of autonomous vehicle by 2027 and popularizing 4.5 million electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles by 2030.
On November 21, 2023, the General Office of the Ministry of Transport issued the Guide to Transport Safety Services for autonomous vehicle (Trial).

R&D ideas

Security
Autonomous vehicle have always been equipped with drivers. Our well-trained drivers will always follow the car, and they can easily take over the car like releasing cruise control. In addition, we also have well-trained software operators sitting in passenger seats to monitor the operation of the software. Before all tests are conducted, we will dispatch drivers to drive regular cars to understand the route and road conditions. By adding features such as road markings and traffic signs, the in car software can familiarize itself with the surrounding environment and special features in advance. Also inform the local police in advance before starting work.
energy consumption
Autonomous vehicle can encourage people to carpool, greatly reduce the use of cars, and create "highway trains". These high-speed trains can reduce energy consumption and increase the capacity of major roads. In terms of time saving, the US Department of Transportation estimates that people spend an average of 52 minutes commuting to and from work every working day. In the future, people can use this time in a more efficient way.

Technical Principles

Autonomous driving technology for automobiles includes video cameras, radar sensors, and laser rangefinders to understand the surrounding traffic conditions, and to navigate the road ahead through a detailed map (collected by a manned car). All of this is achieved through Google's data center, which can process a large amount of information about the surrounding terrain collected by cars. In this regard, the autonomous vehicle is equivalent to the remote control car or smart car in Google Data Center. One of the applications of Internet of Things technology in autonomous driving technology for automobiles.
Volvo distinguishes four stages of autonomous driving based on the level of automation: driving assistance, partial automation, highly automated, and fully automated.
1. Driver Assistance System (DAS): The purpose is to provide assistance to drivers, including providing important or beneficial driving related information, and issuing clear and concise warnings when the situation begins to become critical. Such as the Lane Departure Warning (LDW) system.
2. Partial automation system: a system that can automatically intervene when the driver receives a warning but fails to take appropriate action in a timely manner, such as the Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) system and Emergency Lane Assist (ELA) system.
3. Highly automated system: a system that can replace the driver to take on the responsibility of controlling the vehicle for a long or short period of time, but still requires the driver to monitor driving activities.
4. Fully automated system: a system that allows autonomous vehicles, allows all passengers in the vehicle to engage in other activities without the need for monitoring. This level of automation allows passengers to engage in computer work, rest and sleep, and other recreational activities.